Concepts of Research Methods

The research does not comprehensively capture the research methodology employed in the conduction of the research. He or she should have vividly expressed the method used in the collection of information, normally, qualitative or quantitative. The importance of stating the research method used is to help the audience or readers of that work ease in assessing the research and its validity (Paul Krugman 2009). When these are notably missing then the researcher needs to do better.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Concepts of Research Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In use of qualitative method, the researcher will have to focus more on qualitative data and responses from would be targets of the research. It is critical to use this method of data collection in one’s research as it enables for a comprehensive analysis of the data provided. Qualitative information is normally collected through suc h processes as interview and questionnaires with open ended questions (Patrick Mcneill 2009). Quantitative research on the other hand provides for information which enables for quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is important in determining the figures necessary in justifying the conduction of the research. For instance, quantitative information will provide information on whether there is need to conduct the research as it affects a given portion of the population. In this regard, the report has failed to adequately provide information on the need of the research itself. A weakness to collect information puts the whole research and its conclusion on the spot as they are bound to be inadequate. One cannot conclude on something that they have collected information regarding the same in a shoddy manner. In the provided report only one source of information is used in the collection of information process. The researcher only considers capital structure analysis as his only so urce of information without the urge to divulge to other sources of information that may help in arriving at substantive conclusions. This is one of the major and most important parts of the research and should therefore be done with lots of keen and attention. The researcher fails to do this by simply getting a single source of information which is also a secondary means of information. Sources of information can be categorized into two broad categories: Primary sources Secondary source The primary sources involve one going into the field to and collecting information from the ground. Here, the researcher gets information in its crude form without having been analyzed or processed. The secondary sources of information are the processed bits of information, one researcher collects this information from the primary source and analyses it and then provides the analyzed information in form of books and or journals to other would be researchers. Other researchers then get this informa tion and use it in their analysis. The problem with secondary sources of information is their biasness. The information depends on the first researcher and whether he or she was right in their analysis. In this report, the researcher has only used one source of information and it is a secondary source of information (Mankiw 2006).Advertising Looking for dissertation on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This leaves the results of the report largely dependent on the first researcher’s work; if he was wrong then the result of the subsequent research are bound to follow the same of be even worse but if he was right the research might also be right, but this again is not guaranteed. As of the provided report, the researcher employs this one source of information which in its original form comes with lots of assumptions and thus leading to the questioning of the conclusions. The research is also lacking in the literature review provided. The literature review should be exhaustive and all inclusive. The researcher in this case has only considered published materials and paid very little attention to web sources of information and journals. The internet is one of the major sources of information especially the current information. One always needs to consider the internet when conducting a literature review in order to be exhaustive. Online publishing is an upcoming form of publishing and more authors are taking to it by the day. This means that a lot of materials are found in soft copy more and more providing for a rich source of knowledge in the internet. The idea is to avoid doing a similar research as that conducted and published by another author in the internet and be considered plagiarized. As the popular saying goes, ignorance is no defense and therefore one should not conduct a researched already conducted on the basis that he or she did not consider the internet to know whether t he research had been done by an earlier author. (Louis Cohen 2007) Ways in which research could be designed to plug the gaps or overcome the weaknesses To ensure the gaps and the weaknesses in the research are overcome, the researcher should confirm the information provided by the secondary information vis a vis other sources of information preferably the primary sources of information. This would greatly improve the quality of analysis provided in the end since. The assumption made by the previous researcher would have to be analysed and then verified to affirm whether they are worth making or they are not (Covey 2003). This will greatly improve the quality of the conclusions arrived at. Assumptions used in one research should be verified before they are used in other research, this is the essence of improving a research by use of another. As stated, over reliance on h the secondary sources of information in the conduction of a research should be discouraged. (Course 2008) In such a scenario the best approach to use in the collection for information would be both the qualitative and the quantitative. As stated, the research â€Å"paper attempts to determine reliable and important factors in Tesco and Sainsbury in terms of nature of Capital Structure.† Primary sources of information would be the best since they would provide the researcher with the accurate information about what is happening hence improve the conclusions that the researcher is going to be having at the end of the research.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Concepts of Research Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the primary sources of information, the researcher would have to employ qualitative form of information collection by interviewing all the major players in the Tesco and Sainsbury in terms of capital structure and what impacts the same. Questionnaires would be another very accurate approach in helping identify the confidence that the two have on the capital structure (Beins 2004). It is crucial to also consider other factors mentioned by other researchers regarding the same. Qualitative information should be collected and the actual figures presented for analysis. A view of the actual figures would help the researcher improve on the conclusions deduced. Demonstrate how it could be structured Firs the research would need to have a comprehensive proposal on how it is going to be conducted and the expenses that may be involved in doing so. This will a clear view on what the research is going to be like and what is likely to cost (Barro 2008). A research proposal would be most appropriate in aiding for preparation and also in conducting a reconnaissance. The reasons and purposes for conducting the study should be as well underlined in order to give the research a direction. This way it would be easier to ensure that one sticks to what he or she is supposed to do and does not divert into other things. The only good way to do this is list the aims and purposes of the study in the first chapter. To ease this process, the aims and purposes of the study could be turned to questions (popularly referred to as research questions). These will be the questions that the research is trying to answer. The aim still remains the same; to keep the research with a clear view of what it is that is to be done. (Covey 2003) The next step would be to identify the appropriate methodology of collecting information. This should be done in consideration to the kind of research that is to be conducted, for this cases both qualitative and quantitative methods would be appropriate (Eysenck 2004). For the purpose of picking these kindly refer to above discussion on the best methodology. After identifying the appropriate research methodology then one should conduct an exhaustive literature review (Louis Cohen 2007). This should be exhaustive as the word suggests. The review should i nclude websites, journals and books in order to indentify if the same research had been conducted before by any other writer and if so, what are the conclusions, do they answer the research questions I have identified if not then how can I improve on the research (Nevid 2007).Advertising Looking for dissertation on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If yes, are the answers satisfactory? If the answers are not satisfactory then how can I improve the answers through my research? Did the researchers make any assumptions? Are the assumptions accurate? How can I improve on the assumptions? These are some of hte questions I would be asking myself as I conduct a literature review. It is important to note that one should not start conducting the study before finishing the exhaustive literature review. The next step would be to conduct the study and collect information according the identified methods of doing so; qualitative and quantitative research methods. The collected information would then be graphically and tabular represented for analysis. After the presentation, the information is now ready for analysis (Patrick Mcneill 2009), this is a very important part of the research and should therefore be done with a lot of caution to ensure it leads to the appropriate conclusions. After the analysis is complete, conclusions would then be drawn from these analyses in response to the research questions identified in the beginning of hte research. (Mankiw 2006)This proposal mainly focuses on the idea that the findings ought to be realistic and hence the reason to go out of the way and conduct an exhaustive information collection session. This helps in identifying the actual problems affecting the people and hence arriving at actual and realistic solutions that would help in curbing the problems. (Paul Krugman 2009) References Barro, R. J. 2008. Macroeconomics: A Modern Approach. Cengage Learning, Chicago Beins, B. 2004. Research Methods: a tool for life. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, Michigan Course, O. U. 2008. Thinking Critically. Open University Worldwide, New York Covey, S. R. 2003. 7 Habits of Highly Influential People. Hay House Incorporated, New York Eysenck, M. W. 2004. Psychology research. Psychology Press, New York Louis Cohen, L. M. 2007. Research Methods in Education. Routledge, Washington D.C Mankiw, G. 2006 . Macroeconomics. W H Freeman-Usa, New York Nevid, J. S. 2007. Psychology: Concepts and Applications. Cengage, Chicago, Patrick Mcneill, S. C. 2009. Research Methods: Third Edition. Cengage Learning, Chicago Paul Krugman, R. W. 2009. Macroeconomics. Worth Publishers, New York Weiten, W. 2010. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Cengage Learning, Chicago William m., J. P. 2006. Research Methods Knowledge Base. Cengage, Chicago This dissertation on Concepts of Research Methods was written and submitted by user Br0therh00d0fEv1lMutants to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Names and Functions of Chemical Elements in Fireworks

Names and Functions of Chemical Elements in Fireworks Fireworks are a traditional part of many celebrations, including Independence Day. There is a lot of physics and chemistry involved in making fireworks. Their colors come from the different temperatures of hot, glowing metals and from the light emitted by burning chemical compounds. Chemical reactions propel them and burst them into special shapes. Heres an element-by-element look at what is involved in your average firework. Components in Fireworks Aluminum: Aluminum is used to produce silver and white flames and sparks. It is a common component of sparklers. Antimony: Antimony is used to create firework glitter effects. Barium: Barium is used to create green colors in fireworks, and it can also help stabilize other volatile elements. Calcium: Calcium is used to deepen firework colors. Calcium salts produce orange fireworks. Carbon: Carbon is one of the main components of black powder, which is used as a propellant in fireworks. Carbon provides the fuel for a firework. Common forms include carbon black, sugar, or starch. Chlorine: Chlorine is an important component of many oxidizers in fireworks. Several of the metal salts that produce colors contain chlorine. Copper: Copper compounds produce blue colors in fireworks. Iron: Iron is used to produce sparks. The heat of the metal determines the color of the sparks. Lithium: Lithium is a metal that is used to impart a red color to fireworks. Lithium carbonate, in particular, is a common colorant. Magnesium: Magnesium burns a very bright white, so it is used to add white sparks or improve the overall brilliance of a firework. Oxygen: Fireworks include oxidizers, which are substances that produce oxygen in order for burning to occur. The oxidizers are usually nitrates, chlorates, or perchlorates. Sometimes the same substance is used to provide oxygen and color. Phosphorus: Phosphorus burns spontaneously in air and is also responsible for some glow-in-the-dark effects. It may be a component of a fireworks fuel. Potassium: Potassium helps to oxidize firework mixtures. Potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, and potassium perchlorate are all important oxidizers. Sodium: Sodium imparts a gold or yellow color to fireworks, however, the color may be so bright that it masks less intense colors. Sulfur: Sulfur is a component of black powder. It is found in a fireworks propellant/fuel. Strontium: Strontium salts impart a red color to fireworks. Strontium compounds are also important for stabilizing fireworks mixtures. Titanium: Titanium metal can be burned as powder or flakes to produce silver sparks. Zinc: Zinc is used to create smoke effects for fireworks and other pyrotechnic devices.

Lesson Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson Study - Essay Example The process of Lesson Study can be categorized under four stages, which are unique to this methodology and also cater to the improvement if student achievement in school curriculum; while promoting a detailed analyses of the subject matter as well. The stages are as follows: This stage consists of a study of the academic curriculum, by weighing the topics and subject matter of study. In addition to this, the authorities and teachers also keep in mind the futuristic interests of the students and the betterment of the quality of education transmitted. On doing this, they formulate the goals for this methodology. This stage comprises of the planning for the research that comes along with this methodology of instruction. It included analyzing the comprehension and absorption levels of students. Based on this, the extent of data collection, the mode fo collecting it and the plan of action to carry forward the approach is planned and scheduled. This method is the actual practical component of this methodology of Lesson Study, wherein one of the teaching faculty members

Business organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business organization - Assignment Example The structure of organisation can be of four types namely, functional, horizontal, divisional and that of matrix. The functional structure is also recognised as ‘vertical dimension’. This kind of organisation is based on people who have the power to make decision in the organisation. The ‘span of control’ is the vital part in this type of organisation. The span of control can be recognised as the number of employees who have the power to give report to the boss inside the organisational hierarchy. This is based on the status and management system of the organisation (Fontaine, 2007). The status plays important role in this organisational structure. As there are many hierarchical levels it is quite difficult for lower level employee or manager to report to high level person with high status because each level has its own rules and regulations. The decision making process is quite slow as the communication has to pass through different levels of the organisation and approval is needed in every level. The interaction between high level managers and employees is less compared to flat organisational structure. Higher cost is required in tall structure because the decision making process is too slow. As the managers have limited workers under them, they can supervise or train them more effectively. In tall structure there is opportunity of improvement or promotion in career. For example, General Motors, an American automotive manufacturing company has tall organisation structure. It has almost 12–16 levels between the top to the bottom level. Thus, the managers in General Motors have ‘narrow span of control’ i.e. there is approximately 5–6 workers who can give statement to any individual manager. A large number of organizational levels can lead to job insecurity of workers and loss of professional skill (Fontaine, 2007). Flat organisational structure: In this organisational structure, there is less hierarchical level. Thus, the manager possess ‘wide span of control’. The manager builds good social relationship and establishes friendly environment which can confer power to the staffs. Source: (Fontaine, 2007). Flat organisational structure assists in higher level of interaction between staffs and managers. Thus, the process of communication is usually faster, reliable and much efficient compared to tall organisation structure. The leaders tend to be more democratic in nature and thus it leads to superior level of innovation. This type of organisational structure is more elastic and compliant compared to taller structure. The decision is not based on the status of the manager. It is based on need of the people. The employees possess more power to arrive at a decision instantly. Faster decision provides the organisation, high level of liveliness and mobility. The flat

CMG490 MOD 2 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CMG490 MOD 2 SLP - Essay Example There is also a poor life cycle and workflow in the visibility of the contract. In the contract processes and procedures, there are no guidelines or templates that are proven for particular terms and clauses needed for different types and value of dollars in the contract. There is also an inadequate and insufficient reporting system to the senior management. Finally, there are high costs of staff that are incurred in the routinely carried out review or administrative tasks. Contract management is responsible for the excessive costs due to lack of the expiring contract dates that result into low rates of contract renewal. Insufficient performance monitoring and terms of contract lead to late fees, overpayment, and failure to collect discounts or rebates, and penalties. However, this inefficient monitoring may lead to failure in collecting late fees, underpayment, and awarding of unearned rebates and discounts on the part of suppliers. There are high risks involved in the contract resulting from non compliance. This is due to the lack of policies documented and incapability to show adherence to the written policies related to the contract. The company is also unable to determine if the supplier is complying with the contract terms and conditions. The contract risks also result from inadequate controls of ensuring that those writing contracts possess appropriate legal and risk management and/ or other appropriate mode of authorization before making changes to the terms and language of the contract. The contract risks are also associated with lack of automated reconciliation and integration with the financial systems. This may be due to the company’s inability to rapidly and routinely identify high risk clauses in the contract. In addition, the organization has no monitoring and reporting tools of contract

Genres of Films Topic

Genres of Films Topic Film is an art. Just as the art itself, Film has a complex range of departments. Therefore, learning the classification of the film is definitely the first key for the learning of the film. The genre can also be called type or kind, which is used in the film culture. For example, film production, the popular consumption, the reception of films and etc (Langford, 2005). In the movie world, there are many different types of movies and there are many film classifications. There are a lot of controversies about genres of films, which can be categorized in many ways. For example, in the aspect of the content of the film, there are action, comedy, crime, horror and etc. And also the concept of the genre of films is vague, which means that there is no definite boundaries between two kinds of genres and boundaries of the genre of films are shifting. For example, there are action comedy, comedy horror, military comedy, and etc. The Back-Up Plan is a funny movie. In the beginning of the film, a desperate girl named Zoe wants nothing more than to meet the man who she loves and have a happy family with somebody. And the desire to have a family is more and more strong. Having dated for several years without any result, Zoe decides to solve the problem herself and fulfill her wishes by getting inseminated artificially. On that very day, on which she gets inseminated, along comes the man of her dreams, Stan. Stan is a cheese selling farmer. Hes a handsome young man and he is very charming. The two nice persons fall in love with each other quickly. After learning that Zoe is pregnant, Stan is a little hesitated and amazing. But after some serious considering, he is still willing to help her raise this kid who isnt his actually. They live together for nine months and finally have a baby of their own. The genre of The Back-Up Plan. According to the current classification of the most mainstream, there are adventure, animation, comedy, horror, crime, documentary, drama, musical, romance and etc. For example, adventure is a type of movie hard to explain literally, such as a personal biography or a legend. And some movie is a description of an event, which also belongs to the genre of adventure. Crime can be regarded as a big genre in American movies, which is a popular genre, such as the Godfather series, Pulp Fiction and so on. In these genres, The Back-Up Plan belongs to comedy. Comedy is generally exaggerated and it always has clever structure, witty lines and comic character. In The Back-Up Plan, during the first meet of Zoe and Stan, their lines are very funny. And the leading actressÂÂ  herself is an interesting woman. In comedy, the beautiful idea of life will always be affirmed. In The Back-Up Plan, Zoes desire for a family or a baby is fulfilled at last. Conflicts in comedy tend to be solved more lively and a perfect circle will be achieved. And also comedy films often reveal our social values and some preoccupations in our daily life (Lopez, 2000). When Stan knows that Zoe has a baby, Stan is confused and they have some quarrels. But after his considering, his love for her is more firm. Later, Zoe is not sure about Stans love and she is afraid of his leaving. However, through a wedding of her mother, she goes back to Stan. These problems are solved much easier, which is the characteristic of c omedy. Finally, like other comedies, Stan and Zoe have a perfect circle. Referring to the dimensions of genre, there are Iconography, Industry practice, Audience expectation, Ideology and myth. In the aspect of iconography, the setting of the film is peoples daily life. The character of the film is a woman left on the shelf, who is funny and brave. And then the theme of it is romantic love. Concerning the industry practice, the location of audience of The Back-Up Plan can be regarded as these older women left and it is a typical Hollywood film. The third dimension of genre of films is audience expectation. In the film, the life of Zoe sometimes seems a mess while it makes the audience laugh. Whether the audience is an old woman left or not, he or she will be interested in the strange life order of Zoe. Then the last dimension is genre and myth. From the aspect of theory and other three dimensions, the genre of The Back-Up Plan is romantic comedy. Comedy can be roughly divided into two types: the romantic comedy and satirical comedy. Satirical comedies often take current events as the theme of the film, which always concern the social and political problems by the authors humor writing style. The back-Up Plan is funny and a bit touching. To say in this regard, The Back-Up Plan is a romantic comedy. Romantic comedy often uses the topics like love stories. The plot forward of the story is often organized by some misunderstanding and clarifying (King, 2002). By the conflicts between Stan and Zoe and their clarifying, The Back-Up Plan tells people that it is very important to trust your partner who loves you and also you love and to accept the things he or she does. It is a feel good movie, which lets the women of the world believe that there are still some good men out there. And the other characteristic of the film is that the crazy and tough time that women experience during a pregnancy is presented. These features all prove th at The Back-Up Plan is a romantic comedy. Analysis on Journey to the Center of the Earth. Introduction of Journey to the Center of the Earth. Trevor is a geologist, whose brother, Max believed that the center of the Earth could be reached through the volcanic tubes and disappeared on a mysterious expedition. One day, Trevor is inspired by a password in a previous letter. Accompanied by his nephew, Trevor conducts an expedition to travel through the center of the earth. Before the process, they meet Hannah, who they find living in Maxs former research headquarters near the volcano he was investigating. They drop down from a crater of Iceland. Then in the expedition, they fall very frequently, and very far. However, no matter how frequently or how far they fall, they will land without injury. They always remain remarkably optimistic. They believe that there must be a way out of there. Overcoming all kinds of difficulties, like water shortage, lost, storm, they succeed to come back to the ground from a volcano of the westbound island. The genre of Journey to the Center of the Earth. The genre of Journey to the Center of the Earth is an adventure film. In adventure films, the characters always have some new experiences, which are often exciting or dangerous (Taves, 1993). The themes of adventure films include travels, conquests, expeditions, dangerous situations that the main characters encounter, some actual historical figures, and etc. The setting of Journey to the Center of the Earth is an adventure fanatic. In a rather short time, people have conquered the source of the Nile, the Sahara, Africa, North and South poles and the untouched wilderness on the earth becomes less and less. On the other hand, science and technology, especially archeology and geology have got an unprecedented development. The setting decides that the genre of the film is adventure. The character in the film, Trevor is a curious and clever man, which predicts that he will try his best to find out the cause of his brothers death. And because of his curiosity and wisdom, the journey must be a successful one. And then the audience location can be regarded as these who like risking and expediting. The theme of the film is to prove a new theory about the earth. During the expedition, they encounter many adventures, including prehistoric animals and natural hazards. The plot of the film has many ups and downs. The romantic and science imagination takes the audience into a fantasy world beyond space and time. Also it can be seen that adventure films are similar to action films, which shows that the boundary between two genres is shifting and become vague (Brode, 2003). Journey to the Center of the Earth is designed to be active and the characters have energetic experience, which makes the film is similar to action films. Conclusion. Today the genre of films is more and more complex and the boundary between two genres is more and more vague. The full understanding of the genre of films helps people understand and comprehend these film works better and more objectively. At first, the article makes a brief introduction about the genre of films. And then the article focuses on comedy films and adventure films by analyzing the two films, the Back-Up Plan and Journey to the Center of the Earth, which will result in a deeper understanding of comedy films and adventure films.

Lost and Found in Walden :: Walden Essays

Lost and Found  in  Walden Thoreau found himself at Walden - and lost himself on Ktaadn. Walden, a mile from town, was a benign experience in which he learned what he could do without, what was essential for life. Ktaadn, high and remote, taught him what he could not do without, what was essential life. He spoke of the hostility of the landscape. The mountain seemed to speak to him: "Why came ye here before your time? This ground is not prepared for you . . . I cannot pity or fondle you here, but (must) forever relentlessly drive thee hence to where I am kind." This landscape is hostile, not kind. It is "unforgiving and inhospitable to man" (Sidney). He responds to this imagined chastening with an apology, a verse explaining " . . . my way lies through your spacious empire up to light" - the way to light/enlightenment. The Web material illuminated somewhat Thoreau’s need for this experience - he had expressed a desire to "witness our own limits transgressed." He got what he came for. It seems to me that he did not anticipate such a terrifying experience, such utter alienation. Thoreau described this as "primeval, untamed, and forever untamable Nature" - "vast and drear and inhuman". "Man was not to be associated with it . . . It was Matter, vast, terrific, . . the home . . of Necessity and Fate." This was nature in its most primitive form. It did not allow, tolerate or acknowledge man’s control or manipulations, or even his need to comprehend. This is the same Matter from which our bodies are made, our physical nature. This is terrifying, alienating to Thoreau: "I stand in awe of my own body, this matter to which I am bound has become so strange to me . . . I fear bodies, I tremble to meet them." His purpose is met - he "witnesses his own limits transgressed". He senses that "his reason is dispersed." He tries to voice his feelings of alienation - and finds he is removed even from his voice, can only shout "Contact! Contact!" Wendy notes that Thoreau is "really failing at describing what he is trying to describe." Stacy notes that this passage is related to "a person getting a sense of their self in relation to Nature." The Web material describes Thoreau’s practice of linking landscape and identity.